Les Houches School of Physics (France), 11-15 September 2023
Confinement-driven state transition and bistability in schooling fish
Baptiste Lafoux  1@  , Paul Bernard  1  , Benjamin Thiria  1  , Ramiro Godoy-Diana  1  
1 : Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636)
Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Cité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR7636

We investigate the impact of confinement density (i.e the number of individual in a group per unit area of available space) on transitions from polarized to milling state, using groups of rummy-nose tetrafish (Hemigrammus rhodostomus) under controlled experimental conditions. We demonstrate for the first time a continuous state transition controlled by confinement density in a group of live animals. During this transition, the school exhibits a bistable state, wherein both polarization and milling states coexist, with the group randomly alternating between them. A simple two state Markov process describe the observed transition remarkably well. Importantly, the confinement density influences the statistics of this bistability, shaping the distribution of transition times between states. Our findings suggest that confinement plays a crucial role in state transitions for moving animal groups, and, more generally, they constitute a solid experimental benchmark for active matter models of macroscopic, self-propelled, confined agents.


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